Basic Tags for Building Mortised Sites

Out of more than 110 XHTML tags. a designer only need to know a small number of them to build mortised sites with basic form functionality. Rather than spending time learning more tags, the designer can spend time logically and creatively manipulating this limited number of tags with CSS, rather than hundreds of lines of code. Included in table below is a list of popular tags, along with some of their possible attributes and uses.

Basic Tags for Building Mortised Sites

<html>
Standard tag used in all pages, except include files. Closed at end of page with </html>.

<head>
Standard tag used in all pages, except include files. Closed at the end of the header information  with </head>.

<title>
Standard tag used in all pages, except include files. Closed with </title>.

<meta name=" " content=" ">
Standard tag used on pages. This tag provide information, determined by the designer,  to be indexed by search engines. It is usually placed between the <head> and </head> tags.

<body>
Standard tag used in all pages. All content seen by the user falls within this tag set. Closed at the end of the page with </body>.

<p>, <br />
Essential for breaking lines in page layout. The <p> tag also can be used when applying a style to a block of text and/or images. The <p> tag is closed with </p>, and the <br /> is simply closed within itself.  

<table>
Essential tag for building tables. Closed at the end of the table with </table>

<tr>
Essential tag for building table rows. Closed with </tr>.

<td>
Essential tag for creating table cells. Closed with a </td>.

<img src=" " width=" " height=" " alt=" " border=" " name=" " />
Essential for adding images to a page. The forward slash (/) is included in the tag so that it closes itself.

<a href=" " class=" " target=" " />
Essential for linking to pages, documents, and images. Closed with </a>.

<div class=" " style=" ">
Used with CSS usually to control font size and color, images, multiple block-level elements, and content positioning. Closed with </div>.
<span class=" " style =" "> 
Used to add styles to content. Closed with </span>.

<strong>
Used to bold text when it is not controlled using a style that is associated with text.
Closed with </strong>.

<!— comment —> 
Used to comment code. Used for all comments—single and multiple lines.

<form id=" " name=" " action=" " method=" ">
Used to create forms in XHMTL. Closed with </form>.

<input type=" " id=" " name=" " value=" " /> 
Input is used to create form fields, such as “text,” “radio,” and “checkbox.” The tag closes itself with a forward slash (/).

<label for=" " id=" ">
Used for positioning elements with fields in a form.

<textarea> 
Used for large text input entries. Closed with </textarea>.

<select id=" " name=" " multiple="multiple">
Used for dropdown form elements. Closed with </select>.

<option selected="selected" value=" " label=" "> 
Used to delineate individual items in a dropdown form field. Closed with </option>.

How to Learn XHTML




XHTML stands for eXtensible HyperText Markup Language and is HTML written in an XML dialect. This is an advantage because programs for parsing XML are common and relatively simple, compared to HTML parsers which must be highly complex to interpret the "loose" syntax of HTML. XHTML is a standardized language that (ideally) can be read by any kind of web browser, including those on mobile phones and those that display information as speech or braille for disabled users.

Steps


  1. Before you can learn XHTML, you should first have a basic knowledge of HTML. XHTML is written exactly like HTML, with a few stipulations:
  2.  Because XHTML documents are a type of XML document, they need an XML prologue. This should be placed at the very top of your document, and is written like: <?xml version='1.0' encoding=utf-8' ?> Adjust the encoding attribute to the proper encoding of your document. In most cases, this will be UTF-8.
  3. All XHTML documents must have a Document Type Declaration (DOCTYPE) right after the XML prologue. The current version of XHTML, XHTML 1.0, defines three DTD's. These are "Strict", "Transitional", and "Frameset". Unless you have a good reason to do otherwise, use the Strict DTD. The DOCTYPE for the Strict DTD is: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
  4. All tag names must be in lower case. For example, use <p></p> for a paragraph instead of <P></P>.
  5. All tags must be closed. For example, if you use <p> to start a paragraph, make sure there is a closing </p> at the end. Empty elements, such as <br> and <img> (which have no content inside of them) must be closed as well. Put a slash at the end of the tag: <br /> is the correct XHTML syntax for a line break.
  6. Tags must be correctly nested. This was also a requirement in HTML, but is especially important for XHTML. For example <b><i>Some text</b></i> is incorrect, because the <b> tag is being closed before the <i> tag even though it started first. The correct syntax would be: <b><i>Some text</i></b>.
  7. All attributes must be quoted. In HTML it would be valid to write <a href=nextPage.html>Next Page</a>. However, in XHTML all attributes must be quoted: <a href="nextPage.html">Next Page</a>.
  8. Minimized attributes should be written in the long form. For example: <input type="checkbox" checked> should be <input type="checkbox" checked="checked" />).
  9. Separate content and presentation. Use XHTML for the content of your document (such as text, images, links, etc.) and use CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) to dictate how that content should be displayed to the user. HTML tags that are used for presentation (such as <font>) should not be used.

Tips

  • Using a good editor for writing your code will help you to make fewer mistakes and write good XHTML. Editors designed with programming in mind such as PSPad, Notepad++ and Emacs provide features such as colored syntax highlighting which can help you quickly spot errors in your markup.
  • For the most up-to-date information visit The World Wide Web Consortium which sets the standards for XHTML and other web technologies.
  • Valid XHTML should pass the W3C Validation Test. This test will tell you if there are problems in your code and how to fix them.

Warnings

  • Be careful to close all tags, even empty elements. This may seem pointless, but it is good practice and essential if you wish to write valid XHTML.
  • Although XHTML is designed to be backwards compatible, you might run into issues using it on very old browsers.
  • The DOCTYPE is not a tag; it does not need to be closed.
  • Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 (and versions prior) does not treat HTML and XHTML documents differently when served with the MIME type of text/html. The recommended MIME type of application/xhtml+xml is only supported in IE9+.
  • If the XML declaration is included, the page is displayed in quirks mode in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 (this is a bug).
  • Due to problems with XHTML, it is recommended to stick with HTML 4.01 or use the upcoming HTML 5 standard.

 

Things You'll Need

 

A text editor such as Notepad which allows you to save files as plain text. Word processors, such as Microsoft Office Word, are not particularly useful because they add extra unwanted text which makes your web page non-compliant.

Source : wikiHow

 

How to Create a Blog Following

People who read your blog on a regular basis are known as your blog followers. They can include people other than your blog subscribers (people who have accepted a subscription for your blog to keep up with latest updates), although having many people with subscriptions to your blog certainly does indicate a loyal following. There are many effective ways to create a blog following and increase the number of people following your blog.

Steps

  1. Allow readers to choose from many blog subscription methods. Here are some options that you can provide.
  2. Focus your blog on a particular topic. Choose a topic that you specialize in or at least you are familiar with so you can write about it with a knowledgeable tone. The topic should be something that can retain your readership for a long time rather than just being a time-sensitive subject that people will lose interest in later on.
  3. Offer incentives for people to follow your blog. For example, you can create a blog following by offering a free ebook to encourage people to subscribe to your blog.
  4. Trade links with other bloggers. This will make followers of other blogs come to your blog and start following it.
  5. Create and advertise a blog subscription page that provides all the details about subscribing to your blog. If people don't have time to read your blog right away they may still decide to subscribe to it when they see your advertisement so they can read it later on.
  6. Be an active blogger who participates in discussions and posts comments on other blogs. This will intrigue people to find out more about you and become blog followers. Mention your blog as much as you can. You could discuss it in social gatherings, at your workplace or in online chatrooms. The more people know about your blog the more they will want to follow it.
  7. Ask for feedback. People like to discuss information rather than just read a one-sided story. Encourage everyone from your most loyal blog subscribers to new readers to leave comments under blog posts or email you to share their opinions.
Source : wikiHow